PHP: PostgreSQL functions - Manual
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Last updated: Wed, 29 Jan 2003

LXXXI. PostgreSQL functions

Postgres는 본래 버클리대학의 컴퓨터 사이언스 학부에서 학술적인 목적으로 개발되었던 데이터베이스로, 현재 몇몇 상용 데이터베이스들이 채용하고 있는 객체관계 개념을 실험적으로 적용시켜왔다. Postgres는 SQL92/SQL3언어, 트랜잭션간의 무결성 및 기타 확장가능한 형식을 지원한다. PostgreSQL은 이같은 버클리대학의 코드를 근간으로 개발되고 있는 오픈소스의 성과물이다.

PostgreSQL의 배포는 무료이며 최신버전은 에서 구할 수 있다.

PostgreSQL은 버전 6.3(1998년 3월 2일 발표)부터 유닉스 도메인 소켓 (unix domain sockets)을 사용한다. 아래의 테이블은 유닉스 도메인 소켓을 사용한 새로운 데이타베이스 접속예를 나타내고 있다. 소켓의 경로는 /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432 이다. 이 옵션은 postmaster 에 -i 플래그를 넣어줌으로써 가능하며 그 의미는 "유닉스 도메인 소켓의 요청과 함께 TCP/IP 소켓의 요청도 동시에 기다린다"는 뜻이다.

표 1. Postmaster and PHP

PostmasterPHPStatus
postmaster &pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName");OK
postmaster -i &pg_connect("dbname=MyDbName");OK
postmaster &pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName"); Unable to connect to PostgreSQL server: connectDB() failed: Is the postmaster running and accepting TCP/IP (with -i) connection at 'localhost' on port '5432'? in /path/to/file.php3 on line 20.
postmaster -i &pg_connect("host=localhost dbname=MyDbName");OK

PHP로 PostgreSQL에 접속하는 코드의 예제는 다음과 같다: $conn = pg_Connect("host=myHost port=myPort tty=myTTY options=myOptions user=myUser password=myPassword dbname=myDB");

예전에 사용하던 $conn = pg_connect ("host", "port", "options", "tty", "dbname") 은 추천하지 않는다.

PHP에서 PostgreSQL의 Large Object 기능을 사용하려면 그것을 트랜잭션 블럭안에 포함시켜야 한다. 트랜잭션 블럭은 begin 으로 시작해서 commit 혹은 end로 끝난다. 만약 트랜잭션이 실패하였다면 그 실패한 트랜잭션은 반드시 rollback 혹은 abort 로 끝나야 한다.

예 1. Using Large Objects

<?php
    $database = pg_Connect ("dbname=jacarta");
    pg_exec ($database, "begin");
    $oid = pg_locreate ($database);
    echo ("$oid\n");
    $handle = pg_loopen ($database, $oid, "w");
    echo ("$handle\n");
    pg_lowrite ($handle, "gaga");
    pg_loclose ($handle);
    pg_exec ($database, "commit");
?>

차례
pg_affected_rows -- Returns number of affected records(tuples)
pg_cancel_query --  Cancel async query
pg_client_encoding --  Get the client encoding
pg_close -- PostgreSQL과의 접속을 끊는다.
pg_connect -- PostgreSQL에 접속한다.
pg_connection_busy --  Get connection is busy or not
pg_connection_reset --  Reset connection (reconnect)
pg_connection_status --  Get connection status
pg_convert --  Convert associative array value into suitable for SQL statement.
pg_copy_from --  Insert records into a table from an array
pg_copy_to --  Copy a table to an array
pg_dbname -- 데이터베이스의 이름을 돌려준다.
pg_delete --  Delete records.
pg_end_copy -- PostgreSQL 백엔드에 동기화한다.
pg_escape_bytea --  Escape binary for bytea type
pg_escape_string --  Escape string for text/char type
pg_fetch_all -- Fetch a row as an array
pg_fetch_array -- 데이터베이스의 행을 배열로 가져온다.
pg_fetch_assoc -- Fetch a row as an array
pg_fetch_object -- 데이터베이스의 행을 오브젝트로 가져온다.
pg_fetch_result -- Returns values from a result resource
pg_fetch_row -- 데이터베이스의 행을 숫자를 인덱스로 하는 배열로 가져온다.
pg_field_is_null -- Test if a field is NULL
pg_field_name -- Returns the name of a field
pg_field_num -- Returns the field number of the named field
pg_field_prtlen -- Returns the printed length
pg_field_size --  Returns the internal storage size of the named field
pg_field_type --  Returns the type name for the corresponding field number
pg_free_result -- Free result memory
pg_get_notify -- Ping database connection
pg_get_pid -- Ping database connection
pg_get_result --  Get asynchronous query result
pg_host --  접속된 PostgreSQL 호스트의 주소를 돌려준다.
pg_insert --  Insert array into table.
pg_last_error -- Get the last error message string of a connection
pg_last_notice --  Returns the last notice message from PostgreSQL server
pg_last_oid -- Returns the last object's oid
pg_lo_close -- Close a large object
pg_lo_create -- Create a large object
pg_lo_export -- Export a large object to file
pg_lo_import -- Import a large object from file
pg_lo_open -- Open a large object
pg_lo_read_all --  Read a entire large object and send straight to browser
pg_lo_read -- Read a large object
pg_lo_seek --  Seeks position of large object
pg_lo_tell --  Returns current position of large object
pg_lo_unlink -- Delete a large object
pg_lo_write -- Write a large object
pg_meta_data --  Get meta data for table.
pg_num_fields -- Returns the number of fields
pg_num_rows -- Returns the number of rows
pg_options -- Get the options associated with the connection
pg_pconnect -- Open a persistant PostgreSQL connection
pg_ping -- Ping database connection
pg_port --  Return the port number associated with the connection
pg_put_line -- Send a NULL-terminated string to PostgreSQL backend
pg_query -- Execute a query
pg_result_error --  Get error message associated with result
pg_result_seek -- Set internal row offset in result resource
pg_result_status --  Get status of query result
pg_select --  Select records.
pg_send_query --  Send asynchronous query
pg_set_client_encoding --  Set the client encoding
pg_trace -- Enable tracing a PostgreSQL connection
pg_tty --  Return the tty name associated with the connection
pg_unescape_bytea --  Escape binary for bytea type
pg_untrace -- Disable tracing of a PostgreSQL connection
pg_update --  Update table.


User Contributed Notes
PostgreSQL functions
add a note add a note
bleach at chek dot com
02-Mar-2000 07:36

If you want to see all the objects in a database, you can find that information in the pg_class table.

SELECT * FROM pg_class;

Now this is going to be kind of long and complex, to see how psql command handles the \d and other things. use the syntax.  psql -E <Database>, ie psql -E mydatabase

What this will do is show the SQL command used for everything. So when you type a \d or something, it shows the SQL query used for the result.

jdb30 at cornell.edu
06-Dec-2000 07:08

For further reading on PostgreSQL, see:

!spamcraig at ahdore dot com
15-Apr-2001 08:11

If you want to extract data from select statements, you need to store the result index, and then apply pg_result to that value. Basically, do this

$resultIdx = pg_query ($database, "select * from tablename");
$mySelect = pg_fetch_result($resultIdx, 0, 0);  // gets column 0 of tuple 0
echo("My select: [".$mySelect."]");

I'm new to php and had to do some fiddling around to work this out. It's reasonably elementary, but not demonstrated by the examples on these pages. Hopefully it will come in useful to someone else.

passion at monkey dot org
28-Jun-2001 01:53

I've tried to mimic the following mysql database connection functions for postgres.



These are assuming that you're passing in $link as the result from pg_connect:

function pg_list_dbs($link)
{  
   $sql = 'SELECT datname FROM pg_database';
   return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}  

function pg_list_tables($link)
{  
  $sql = "SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relname !~ '^pg_'";
   return (pg_query($link, $sql));
}

hubert at hubertmuller dot com
09-Jul-2001 11:36

The best way to find the separated list of tables, sequences, keys etc is:

SELECT relname FROM pg_class WHERE relkind='<value>' AND relname !~ '^pg_';

<value> takes:
i for keys,
r for relations,
S for sequences

Note that all tables names that begins with 'pg_' are PostgreSQL internal tables (this explain why I use AND relname !~ '^pg_' condition).

prince_shri at yahoo dot com
31-Jul-2001 09:45

in debian, you need to include

dl('pgsql.so')

in all your scripts of php4. I think its different for PHP3 -

dl('libpg.so')

[Editor's Note]
Debian users should be able to use "extension" directive to load pgsql.so. This method is prefered method if you use pgsql module always.

saberit at home dot com
15-Sep-2001 09:11

I tried compiling PHP from source with PostgreSQL support (./configure --with-pgsql=/usr/local/pgsql) and ran into a bunch of problems when trying to 'make'. The problem was that some of the PostgreSQL headers were not installed by default when I installed PostgreSQL from source. When installing PostgreSQL make sure you 'make install-all-headers' after you 'make install'.
mystran at wasteland dot pp dot htv dot fi
04-Feb-2002 02:46

Nice to know fact that I didn't find documented here.

PHP will return values of PostgreSQL boolean datatype as single character strings "t" and "f", not PHP true and false.

[Editor's Note]
't' or 'f' is valid boolean expression for PostgreSQL.

All values from PostgreSQL are strings, since PostgreSQL integer, float may be much larger than PHP's native int, double can handle. PostgreSQL array is not supported.

swm at php dot net
22-Aug-2002 03:49

My talk on PHP and PostgreSQL which I presented at O'Reilly OSCON 2002 is now online.


amk at eight13 dot com
27-Nov-2002 06:36

The list of postgresql function name changes is missing pg_errormessage being changed to pg_last_error.
anonymous at unknown dot com
29-Nov-2002 01:01

Here:
you can find the announcement for a native windows PostGreSQL port that is to be released in december (no cygwin). It also tells you where to download the beta ().

anonymous at unknown dot com
29-Nov-2002 04:50

I just wanted to add to my previous post I've got the system up and running.
Environment: Windows XP, Apache 1.3.23, Php 4.3 RC2, PostGreSQL beta4 native windows build

Installation was fairly easy:
1. read the readme.txt
2. edit the setenv.bat as described in readme
3. run 'initdb'
   all execs are in /bin
   help is accessed like <command> --help
4. Start the psql deamon - you may want to create a batch file like
   'D:\postgres_beta4\bin\postmaster -h localhost -D D:/postgres_beta4/data'

   --deamon should be up and running now--

You can login into a shell from a console like
'psql -h localhost -d <username>'

You must load the postgresql extension by editing the php.ini and restarting apache in order to access psql with php.

And one final not: when running
$dbconn = pg_connect ("host=localhost port=5432 dbname=$dbname user=$user");
remember that $user and or $dbname is CASESENSITIVE.

Oh yeah, I created the data dir manually - don't know whether that was necessary

Grtz Vargo

daniel at bichara dot com dot br
31-Dec-2002 12:04

Running RedHat Linux and Apache with suexec enabled you must include pgsql.so on each .php file using dl("pgsql.so") and remove "extension=pgsql.so" from php.ini, otherwise Apache (httpd) will not start.
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 Last updated: Wed, 29 Jan 2003
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