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XCIX. String functions
이들 함수는 모두 다양한 방법으로 문자열을 다룬다. 정규 표현 섹션과 URL 핸들링 섹션에서좀 더 다양하고 특별한 함수들을 만나 볼 수 있다.
어떻게 문자열이 적용되고, 특히 작은 따옴표와 큰따옴표 그리고 에스케이프 시퀀스(escape sequence)와 어떤 관계가 있는지는 이 메뉴얼의
Types섹션의 Strings편을 참조하기 바란다.
User Contributed Notes
String functions |
 add a note |
heiko at individual-web dot com
07-Mar-2000 03:24 |
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I had the problem that in some of the guestbooks I programmed, people
entererd trash like 400 characters without spaces and such. Without any
spaces there was no way to break the lines and the whole guestbooked
looked screwed. I wrote this little function that makes sure no words are
more than a specified number of characters long. If a word is too long,
spaces are inserted to get the word to the maximum length allowed. Maybe
it's useful to some of you:
function strmaxwordlen($input,$len)
{
$l = 0;
$output = "";
for ($i = 0; $i <
strlen($input); $i++) {
$char = substr($input,$i,1);
if ($char
!= " ") { $l++; } else { $l = 0; }
if ($l == $len) { $l =
0; $output .= " "; }
$output .= $char;
}
return($output);
}
[Editor's note:
Alternativaly,
wordwrap() function is available for this purpose
Maxim]
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mfawcett at tir dot com
24-Apr-2000 07:45 |
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For a MySQL problem (where a user might put quotes in a text field from a
form) use addslashes() to escape all quotes (single and double). For
example:
// Assuming 'textstuff' is from a form
$mytextstuff
= addslashes($textstuff);
$sql = "insert into MyTable set
MyField='$mytextstuff'";
Also if you are working with html
forms and/or text fields from databases a lot you'll probably want to read
up on commands like htmlspecialchars() as well (a field like
"foo<bar>" might not throw MySQL off but it won't display
correctly in an html page).
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ognio at peruserver dot com
21-Sep-2000 12:39 |
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In order to properly display text from a form into an html page you need
code
like this:
<? echo
htmlentities(stripslashes($_GET['form_text'])); ?>
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R dot J dot Vrijhof at bigfoot dot com
26-Dec-2000 03:20 |
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I wanted to convert numbers to an adjective form (so from "1" to
"1st", from "352" to "352nd", etc.), but
couldn't find it in PHP, so I wrote this little code to do that for me.
Hope you find it useful:
function nth($in) {
if
(!is_long($in))
return(-1);
switch ($in) {
case 0 :
return("0th");
case 1 : return("1st");
case 2 : return("2nd");
case 3 :
return("3rd");
case 4 :
case 5 :
case 6
:
case 7 :
case 8 :
case 9 :
case 10
:
case 11 :
case 12 :
case 13 :
case 14
:
case 15 :
case 16 :
case 17 :
case 18
:
case 19 : return($in."th");
}
switch
(substr($in, -1, 1)) {
case 0 : return($in."th");
case 1 : return($in."st");
case 2 :
return($in."nd");
case 3 :
return($in."rd");
case 4 :
case 5 :
case
6 :
case 7 :
case 8 :
case 9 :
return($in."th");
default : return(0);
}
}
It will return -1 when the input is not an integer and 0
when it couldn't find a match (although that shouldn't happen).
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david at audiogalaxy dot com
13-Jun-2001 08:31 |
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Browsers (Internet Explorer at least) won't wrap text immediately before
puntuation . ? ! ( ) [ ] { } / even if the preceeding character is
whitespace. I believe this is intentional widow/orphan prevention
behavior. This complicates the processing of user-inputed text (e.g. the
message board junk problem). Even if you use <textarea wrap=hard>
to force newlines into the input text (which is imperfect since a clever
user can just modify the HTML before posting), people posting long strings
of punctuation characters, or just punctuation characters at the beginning
of each line in the <textarea> will mess up the format of the page
for users viewing their post.
You obviously can't solve this by
just inserting a spaces - the browser still won't wrap. My solution is to
use str_replace to put a (the least visually impacting
non-whitespace character I can think of) between the \n and any
pucntuation so the wrap can happen in the whitespace before the
. Kindof ironic to be using to *cause* a
break:)
[Editor's note:
You could also use wordwrap()
function
Maxim Maletsky]
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thanatos at wol dot be
15-Jun-2001 10:45 |
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I have written an *evil* little function that will cut a string on a
character given. Features:
1) Minimum length.
2) If a string
doesn't contain the character, it cuts your string to minimum
length.
3) If the next character beyond the minimumlength equals the
given character, it will cut the string to minimulength as
well.
Code:
<?php
function cuttext($tring,$cuton)
{
/* Define the character to cut on */
/* One could make an
array with all characters to cut on */
/* But I wouldn't know how to
:) */
$space=" ";
if (!strstr($tring,$space))
{
/* No space is found in the whole string: cut at 20th
character */
$tring=substr($tring,0,$cuton);
}
if
(substr($tring,$cuton,1)==$space) {
/* 21st character is a
space: cut at 20th character
*/
$tring=substr($tring,0,$cuton);
} else {
/*
21st Character is NOT a space: return to last space and cut there
*/
while ($teller <= $cuton) {
if
(substr($tring,$cuton-$teller,1)==$space)
{
$tring=substr($tring,0,$cuton-$teller);
break;
}
$teller++;
}
}
return
$tring;
}
echo(cuttext("waf groink muha zz gruu wrrreea iii
gargghhh >:)>:)",20));
?>
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rs234 at cornell dot edu
04-Aug-2001 12:31 |
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there's a problem when i used the addslashes function for my odbc
connection... in order to fix it, I used the htmlspecialchars($str_var,
ENT_QUOTES); instead and it worked fine. example is as
follow:
// $str - a string w/ single quotes
$str =
htmlspecialchars($str, ENT_QUOTES);
.
.
.
.
$sql =
"<something> $str <something>";
<etc.>
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carl at _nospam_youngbloods dot org
10-Jan-2002 03:27 |
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I've ported a function to PHP that will find the longest common substring
in two different strings. Here it is:
function
LongestCommonSubstring($string1, $string2)
{
// find length of
longest common substring first
$L = array();
$length1 =
strlen($string1);
$length2 = strlen($string2);
for ($i =
$length1; $i >= 0; $i--)
{
for ($j = $length2; $j >= 0;
$j--)
{
if ($string1[$i] == '' || $string2[$j] == '')
$L[$i][$j] = 0;
elseif ($string1[$i] == $string2[$j]) $L[$i][$j]
=
1 + $L[$i + 1][$j + 1];
else $L[$i][$j] = max($L[$i
+ 1][$j], $L[$i][$j + 1]);
}
}
// then find the
actual substring
$substring = '';
$i = 0;
$j = 0;
while ($i < $length1 && $j < $length2)
{
if
($string1[$i] == $string2[$j])
{
$substring .=
$string1[$i];
$i++; $j++;
}
elseif ($L[$i + 1][$j]
>= $L[$i][$j + 1]) $i++;
else $j++;
}
return
$substring;
}
Here is where I found the original:
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captainbajoo at juno dot com
22-Apr-2002 12:09 |
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This is a more compact function to get a numeric adjective. No idea if
it's faster than the other "nth" function here (though probably
is, since "th" is more likely to occur), but the code is
definitely shorter.
Assumes integer input. Returns a
string.
function getNth ($n) {
$qn = (int) (($n%100) /
10);
$rn = $n % 10;
$suffix = "th";
if
($qn != 1) {
switch ($rn) {
case 1: $suffix =
"st"; break;
case 2: $suffix = "nd"; break;
case 3: $suffix = "rd"; break;
}
}
return $n . $suffix;
}
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jewfish at jewfish dot net
05-Jun-2002 06:20 |
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One could make an ever quicker isalphanumeric() function by using regular
expressions:
function isalphanumeric($test) {
return
!(preg_match("/[^a-z,A-Z,0-9 ]/", $test));
}
Note:
that is a space after the 9, in order to inclue spaces in the comparison.
One could also add \t and \n so that it did not fail out if it found a tab
or newline. This is much cleaner and more efficient than the array
approach described earlier, and nicer than the ordinal characters approach
as well.
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chris at earleweb_nospam dot com
13-Jul-2002 09:03 |
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An alternative to the the "array_shift" way to change $color
array:
$Counter = 0; //set to 1 if you want to start on
#CCCCCC
$Colors = Array('#FFFFFF', '#CCCCCC');
$tableColor =
$Colors[($Counter %= 2)];
/* $Counter %= 2; ensures $Counter is never
greater than 1, in the off chance that you have a 32 thousand element
array and really is not needed -- you could use $Counter % 2 if you really
want to*/
$Counter++;
When ever $Counter is odd the modulus
division will leave 1, but even numbers (and 0) mod 2 = 0. Then Counter
is added to so that the next phase of the loop will become the next color.
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dr dot helga at prickel-pit dot de
14-Jul-2002 02:41 |
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For generating a Field-Number File I needed a function, wich can add chars
in front or at the end of a string to match a certain string length. I
couldn't find it in php so here's the function I wrote to solve the
problem:
--------------CUT------------------
function
addChars($string,$char,$endlength,$dir)
{
$i=0;
$stringlength=strlen($string);
$addchar_lenght=$endlength-$stringlength;
$addchar_string="";
while
($i<$addchar_lenght)
{
$addchar_string.=$char;
$i++;
}
if ($dir==1)
{
$new_string=$string.$addchar_string;
}
if ($dir==0)
{
$new_string=$addchar_string.$string;
}
return
$new_string;
}
----------------/CUT-----------------
$string
is the original string
$char is the character which shall be
added
$endlength is the length of the new string
$dir specifies if
the chars shall be added in front (0) or at the end (1) of the
string
example:
"1234" should be
"00001234":
$text1="1234";
$text2=addChars($text,"0",8,0)
hope
someone will find it usefull ...
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bog2k<AT>softhome<DOT>net
18-Jul-2002 04:02 |
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How about reversing the HTML Chars (é => �). Here is a
function that is able to reverse any of HTML entitities regardles if the
entity has the ";" termination. That means it can detect and
replace "télé" => "t�l�", and
also "télé" =>
"t�l�".
function ReverseHtmlChars ($str, $trans_table =
HTML_ENTITIES) {
$trans = get_html_translation_table
($trans_table);
$trans2 = preg_replace ("';$'",
"", $trans);
$trans = array_flip ($trans);
$trans2
= array_flip ($trans2);
return strtr (strtr ($str, $trans),
$trans2);
}
Also you can provide a second argument if you only
want to replace the HTML specialchars.
I've read a note of the
Editor in which he said that this is kinda pointless because normally you
don't need to reverse HTML chars ... well, thats partially true.
In my case I really needes something like this because this way I
can strip a html file of tags, reverse all HTML entities and obtain a very
*human readable* text file !!! ... so its not so pointless.
P.S.
you can also think of a similar function that has as second argument the
translation table rather than 0/1 so you can have your own set of
translations (very very useful for text
translations)
Cheers,
BoG
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global2b at yahoo dot com
21-Aug-2002 04:25 |
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In case any of you wanted to parse a deliminated text file, I've come up
with a script that may of some use.
//I call the function and
return the parsed data in a multi-D array.
function thisone()
{
$info =
array();
$x=file("yourData.txt");
//Here I take the
first line of the data file and grab the variable names.
$names =
explode('|',$x[0]);
//Once I've got the variable names I delete
x[0] so that I can run through the info array with
foreach
unset($x[0]);
foreach($x as $keyx=>$valuex)
{
$w = explode('|',$valuex);
foreach($w as
$keyw=>$valuew) {
$info[$keyx][$names[$keyw]] =
$valuew;
}
}
return $info;
}
$bin =
thisone();
print_r($bin);
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skip at seawana dot com
29-Aug-2002 10:24 |
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// Here is a simpler way to swap two values (for alternating TABLE row
colors for instance).
// Define your colors in an array:
$ar_colors
= array ("#0066AA","#003399");
// Now simply
display them and then reverse the array like this:
echo $ar_colors[0];
$ar_colors = array_reverse($ar_colors);
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d dot gebuehr at ntz dot de
13-Sep-2002 10:25 |
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I've written a small function, which extracts all positions of a given
character from a string. It may be useful for example to modify html-tags
with not known values. (It's used to get rid of class-arguments and
mso-styles while importing MS-Word-Documents):
function
charpos($searchstring,$delimiter) {
global $positions;
global
$search_found;
if (strpos($searchstring,$delimiter) === FALSE) {
$search_found=0;
}
else {
$search_found=1;
$searchlen=strlen($searchstring);
for
($i_s=0;$i_s<$searchlen;$i_s++){if
(substr($searchstring,$i_s,1)==$delimiter){$positions[]=$i_s; }
}
}
}
You can work with the positions-array, but remember
to unset it before calling the function again, otherwise you'll fill it
more and more :-)
Counting of positions begins with 0. If the
charakter you search for ist not to be found in your searchstring, the
function returns $search_found=0, otherwise $search_found will be
1.
If typing the function, be sure to have three "=" in
asking whether the charakter was found.
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discord at mac dot com
23-Oct-2002 11:30 |
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If you are outputting to html, it might be better to insert a wordbreak
(<wbr>) tag to allow a linebreak. If the text is too long and needs
to be wrapped, the browser will break the line at that tag, otherwise, it
ignores it. This is good because it won't even show up as a space if the
browser doesn't wrap it at that point.
Here's an optimised
preg_replace version of the strmaxwordlen function that uses this
tag:
function splitLongWords($text, $max) {
����return
preg_replace( '/([^\s]{'.$max.'})(?=[^\s])/', '$1<wbr>',
$text);
}
(note: I didn't test this thoroughly, it may need some
work :)
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webmaster at gamequbed dot com
01-Feb-2003 10:14 |
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I was recently working on a template engine, and i found that i wanted to
add parameters to my template includes, for example,
{SUBJECTFIELD
template="LINK_ROW" class="subjectfield"}
I
found that this code worked out quite well! It converts the string into
$fileParam["SUBJECTFIELD"]["template"]
which will print
"LINK_ROW". It also works for
multiple blocks. Have fun!
$text = "
{SUBJECTFIELD
class=\"alternate\"
rowtemplate=\"LINK_ROW\"}
{BODYFIELD
class=\"alternate2\"
rowtemplate=\"LINK_ROW\"}";
## remove
quotes
$text =
str_replace("\"","",$text);
## set
counter
$counter = 0;
for
($i=0;$i<strlen($text);$i++)
{
## convert each {...} block into
an array element
if ($text[$i] ==
"{")
{
$currentEndBrace =
strpos($text,"}");
$param[$counter] =
substr($text,$i,$currentEndBrace);
## remove the end
brace
$text[$currentEndBrace] =
"";
$counter++;
}
}
$fileParam =
array();
for ($j=0;$j<count($param);$j++)
{
## remove
trailing stuff
$param[$j] = rtrim($param[$j]);
## and the
braces
$param[$j] =
ereg_replace("{","",$param[$j]);
$param[$j] =
ereg_replace("}","",$param[$j]);
## get the
name of the template
$tempIdent =
substr($param[$j],0,strpos($param[$j]," "));
## get the
rest of the vars
$param[$j] =
substr($param[$j],strpos($param[$j]," ")+1);
## make a
new array
$fileParam[$tempIdent] =
$param[$j];
}
while(list($key,$val) =
each($fileParam))
{
## set up as a query string
$val =
str_replace(" ","&",$val);
## parse it to
a new array
parse_str($val,$eachVal);
## and assign it to
another array
$fileParam[$key] = $eachVal;
}
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kop at meme dot com
06-Mar-2003 11:49 |
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function standardize_eol($s) {
/* Return text with Unix end of line
conventions.
*
* Input: $s The string to convert.
*
* Returns: The string with Unix end of line conventions.
*
*
Side Effects: none
*/
return
strtr(ereg_replace("\r\n", "\n", $s), "\r",
"\n");
}
To do the same thing to a file:
//
Copy file, converting
// Windoze and mac eol sequences to Unix eol
along the way.
exec("sed -e 's/\r\$//' $old_path"
. ' | tr "\\r" "\\n"'
. "
> $new_path");
Do _not_ try to set $old_path and $new_path
to the same file. Failure will be erratic.
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missnglnk at missnglnk dot com
24-Mar-2003 04:35 |
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Here's a better function to get the numerical thingy (1st, 2nd, 3rd,
etc):
function nth ($n) {
$rn = $n{strlen($n)};
switch ($rn) {
case 1: $suffix = "st"; break;
case 2: $suffix = "nd"; break;
case 3: $suffix =
"rd"; break;
default: $suffix = "th"; break;
}
return $n . $suffix;
}
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szeryf at negativeIQ dot pl
01-Apr-2003 09:41 |
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This is a little function I wrote for shortening strings to some arbitrary
length. It may be useful if you want to display only headlines (or just a
few starting sequences) of a larger text. The text is shortened to the
last white space character before $len chars and an ellipsis (...) is
added at the end. If no white space is found, the first $len chars (and
...) are returned. So the maximal length of returned value is always $len
+ 3. Here it goes:
function shorten ($var, $len = 120)
{
if (empty ($var)) {
return "";
}
if (strlen ($var) < $len) {
return
$var;
}
if (preg_match
("/(.{1,$len})\s/", $var, $match)) {
return
$match [1] . "...";
}
else {
return substr ($var, 0, $len) . "...";
}
}
It should be pretty self-explanatory. The regular expression
matches up to $len chars followed by a white space char (\s). The match is
"greedy", so it always tries to match "as many as
possible".
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add a note |
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PHP Manual
Function Reference
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